4.8 Review

Inborn Errors of Immunity and Their Phenocopies: CTLA4 and PD-1

Journal

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 12, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.806043

Keywords

CTLA4; PD-1; immune checkpoint inhibitor; phenocopy; immune deficiency

Categories

Funding

  1. National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia [GNT1113577]
  2. Cancer Australia [GNT1130330]

Ask authors/readers for more resources

Understanding the relationship between genotype and phenotype in patients with rare immune disorders is crucial for unraveling mechanisms of immune regulation. This study focuses on autosomal dominant and recessive IEIs, investigating the complex genotype-phenotype relationships and the occurrence of phenocopies. The research highlights the importance of studying drug-induced phenocopies in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors to gain further insights into disease mechanisms.
Elucidating links between genotype and phenotype in patients with rare inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) provides insights into mechanisms of immune regulation. In many autosomal dominant IEIs, however, variation in expressivity and penetrance result in complex genotype-phenotype relations, while some autosomal recessive IEIs are so rare that it is difficult to draw firm conclusions. Phenocopies arise when an environmental or non-genetic factor replicates a phenotype conferred by a specific genotype. Phenocopies can result from therapeutic antibodies or autoantibodies that target a protein to replicate aspects of the phenotype conferred by mutations in the gene encoding the same protein. Here, we consider IEIs arising from rare genetic variants in CTLA4 and PDCD1 and compare clinical and laboratory manifestations arising as drug-induced phenocopies (immune related adverse events, IRAEs) in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and identify outstanding questions regarding mechanism of disease.

Authors

I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.

Reviews

Primary Rating

4.8
Not enough ratings

Secondary Ratings

Novelty
-
Significance
-
Scientific rigor
-
Rate this paper

Recommended

No Data Available
No Data Available