4.8 Review

Interleukin-27 in Tuberculosis: A Sheep in Wolf's Clothing?

Journal

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 12, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.810602

Keywords

cytokines; tuberculosis; IL-27; protection; pathology

Categories

Funding

  1. German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF)
  2. Cluster of Excellence Inflammation-at-Interfaces [EXC306]
  3. DFG International Research Training Group [IRTG 1911]

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This review discusses the importance of cytokine IL-27 in tuberculosis (TB) for protective inflammatory immune responses and the pathological sequelae of chronic inflammation. The timely restricted blockade of IL-27 signalling may promote better control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection but also lead to chronic hyperinflammation and immunopathology. IL-27 administration may be a potential treatment option for the immunopathological consequences of chronic TB.
In tuberculosis (TB), protective inflammatory immune responses and the pathological sequelae of chronic inflammation significantly depend on a timely balance of cytokine expression. In contrast to other anti-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-27 has fundamental effects in experimental Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection: the absence of IL-27-mediated signalling promotes a better control of mycobacterial growth on the one hand side but also leads to a chronic hyperinflammation and immunopathology later during infection. Hence, in the context of novel host-directed therapeutic approaches and vaccination strategies for the management of TB, the timely restricted blockade of IL-27 signalling may represent an advanced treatment option. In contrast, administration of IL-27 itself may allow to treat the immunopathological consequences of chronic TB. In both cases, a better knowledge of the cell type-specific and kinetic effects of IL-27 after Mtb infection is essential. This review summarizes IL-27-mediated mechanisms affecting protection and immunopathology in TB and discusses possible therapeutic applications.

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