4.8 Article

Systems Biology to Understand and Regulate Human Retroviral Proinflammatory Response

Journal

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 12, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.736349

Keywords

human retroviral; systems biology; proinflammatory response; computational modeling; cancer

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The majority of human genome consists of non-coding genes, with about half made up of transposable elements, including endogenous retroviruses. While generally harmless, endogenous retroviruses have been linked to inflammatory diseases and cancer, posing a challenge in elucidating the mechanistic understanding between them.
The majority of human genome are non-coding genes. Recent research have revealed that about half of these genome sequences make up of transposable elements (TEs). A branch of these belong to the endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), which are germline viral infection that occurred over millions of years ago. They are generally harmless as evolutionary mutations have made them unable to produce viral agents and are mostly epigenetically silenced. Nevertheless, ERVs are able to express by still unknown mechanisms and recent evidences have shown links between ERVs and major proinflammatory diseases and cancers. The major challenge is to elucidate a detailed mechanistic understanding between them, so that novel therapeutic approaches can be explored. Here, we provide a brief overview of TEs, human ERVs and their links to microbiome, innate immune response, proinflammatory diseases and cancer. Finally, we recommend the employment of systems biology approaches for future HERV research.

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