Low-Dose Acetylsalicylic Acid Reduces T Cell Immune Activation: Potential Implications for HIV Prevention

Introduction: Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is a well-known and safe anti-inflammatory. At low-dose, it is prescribed to prevent secondary cardiovascular events in those with preexisting conditions and to prevent preeclampsia. Little is known about how low-dose ASA affects the immune response. In this study, we followed women to assess how ASA use modifies T cells immune phenotypes in the blood and at the genital tract. Methods: HIV uninfected women from Kenya were enrolled in this study and followed for one month to assess baseline responses including systemic/mucosal baseline immune activation. Participants then received 81mg of ASA daily for 6 weeks to assess changes to T cell immune activation (systemic and mucosal) relative to baseline levels. Results: The concentration of ASA measured in the blood was 58% higher than the level measured at the female genital tract. In the blood, the level of ASA was inversely correlated with the following: the proportion of Th17 expressing HLA-DR (p=0.04), the proportion of effector CD4(+) T cells expressing CCR5 (p=0.03) and the proportion of CD8(+)Tc17 expressing CCR5 (p=0.04). At the genital tract, ASA use correlated with a decreased of activated CD4(+)T cells [CD4(+)CCR5(+)CD161(+) (p=0.02) and CD4(+)CCR5(+)CD95(+) (p=0.001)]. Conclusion: This study shows that ASA use impacts the immune response in both the systemic and genital tract compartments. This could have major implications for the prevention of infectious diseases such as HIV, in which the virus targets activated T cells to establish an infection. This could inform guidelines on ASA use in women.

Automated summary

The study reveals that the use of ASA impacts the immune response in both systemic and genital tract compartments, with higher concentrations of ASA in the blood compared to the female genital tract. ASA use in the blood was inversely correlated with certain T cell expressions, while at the genital tract, it correlated with a decrease in activated CD4(+) T cells.