Journal
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
Volume 12, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/app12031721
Keywords
X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL); X-ray chronoscopy; nonlinear X-ray-matter interaction; sub-femtosecond X-ray techniques
Categories
Funding
- National Science Centre (Poland) [2017/27/B/ST2/01890]
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This article introduces an innovative methodology called X-ray chronoscopy, which allows exploration of ultrafast processes in matter with attosecond precision using current XFEL sources. The method is based on measuring the change in an X-ray pulse temporal profile induced by interaction with a medium. This research is of great importance for observing and studying ultrafast dynamic processes.
Featured Application Herein, an innovative methodology, called X-ray chronoscopy, is proposed for exploration of ultrafast processes in matter with attosecond precision using current XFEL sources. The method is based on measuring the change in an X-ray pulse temporal profile induced by interaction with a medium. X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) have provided scientists opportunities to study matter with unprecedented temporal and spatial resolutions. However, access to the attosecond domain (i.e., below 1 femtosecond) remains elusive. Herein, a time-dependent experimental concept is theorized, allowing us to track ultrafast processes in matter with sub-fs resolution. The proposed X-ray chronoscopy approach exploits the state-of-the-art developments in terahertz streaking to measure the time structure of X-ray pulses with ultrahigh temporal resolution. The sub-femtosecond dynamics of the saturable X-ray absorption process is simulated. The employed rate equation model confirms that the X-ray-induced mechanisms leading to X-ray transparency can be probed via measurement of an X-ray pulse time structure.
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