Journal
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
Volume 12, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/app12042210
Keywords
microalgae; Haematococcus lacustris; astaxanthin; ionic liquid; nanoplate; cell disruption; room-temperature extraction
Categories
Funding
- National Research Foundation of Korea [NRF-2019R1A2C100346313]
- Ministry of Science and ICT, the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea [NRF-2019R1F1A1060060]
- Ministry of Education of Korea
- Research/Development Program of the Korea Institute of Energy Research [KIERC0-2424]
- 2020 BK21 FOUR Program of Pusan National University
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This study explores the technical feasibility of room-temperature extraction of astaxanthin using a combination of ultrathin alpha-quartz nanoplates (NPLs) and ionic liquids (ILs). The results show that NPLs can effectively disrupt the cell wall of cysts, thereby improving the extraction efficiency of astaxanthin.
Ionic liquids (ILs) are new green solvents, which are widely used in lignocellulosic and microalgal biorefineries. However, high-temperature operating conditions limit their application in the extraction of heat-labile algal products, such as bioactive astaxanthin. In this study, we report the technical feasibility of room-temperature astaxanthin extraction from Haematococcus lacustris cysts with a thick and complex cell wall structure, by combining ultrathin alpha-quartz nanoplates (NPLs) with ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ([Emim])-based ILs. When four different [Emim]-based ILs with thiocyanate (SCN), diethylphosphate (DEP), HSO4, and Cl anions were applied to 90-day-old H. lacustris cysts at room temperature (~28 degrees C), the astaxanthin extraction efficiency was as low as 9.6-14.2%. Under sonication, alpha-quartz NPLs disrupted the cyst cell wall for a short duration (5 min). The astaxanthin extraction efficacies of a subsequent IL treatment improved significantly to 49.8% for [Emim] SCN, 60.0% for [Emim] DEP, 80.7% for [Emim] HSO4, and 74.3% for [Emim] Cl ions, which were 4.4, 6.1, 8.4, and 5.2 times higher than the extraction efficacy of only ILs, respectively. This finding suggests that alpha-quartz NPLs can serve as powerful cell-wall-disrupting agents for the room-temperature IL-mediated extraction of astaxanthin from robust algal cyst cells.
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