ZnFe2O4, a Green and High-Capacity Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Review

Featured Application The review, reporting the state of the art on the promising anode material ZnFe2O4, can be of interest for the community of researchers working on lithium ion batteries. Ferrites, a broad class of ceramic oxides, possess intriguing physico-chemical properties, mainly due to their unique structural features, that, during these last 50-60 years, made them the materials of choice for many different applications. They are, indeed, applied as inductors, high-frequency materials, for electric field suppression, as catalysts and sensors, in nanomedicine for magneto-fluid hyperthermia and magnetic resonance imaging, and, more recently, in electrochemistry. In particular, ZnFe2O4 and its solid solutions are drawing scientists' attention for the application as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The main reasons are found in the low cost, abundance, and environmental friendliness of both Zn and Fe precursors, high surface-to-volume ratio, relatively short path for Li-ion diffusion, low working voltage of about 1.5 V for lithium extraction, and the high theoretical specific capacity (1072 mAh g(-1)). However, some drawbacks are represented by fast capacity fading and poor rate capability, resulting from a low electronic conductivity, severe agglomeration, and large volume change during lithiation/delithiation processes. In this review, the main synthesis methods of spinels will be briefly discussed before presenting the most recent and promising electrochemical results on ZnFe2O4 obtained with peculiar morphologies/architectures or as composites, which represent the focus of this review.

Automated summary

Ferrites are ceramic oxides with intriguing physico-chemical properties that have been widely used in various applications. ZnFe2O4 and its solid solutions have drawn attention as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries due to their low cost, abundance, and high theoretical specific capacity.