Journal
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
Volume 11, Issue 19, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/app11199250
Keywords
clinical trials; infectious diseases; nanomedicine; pulmonary tuberculosis; tuberculosis prevention
Categories
Funding
- European Union (FEDER funds through COMPETE) [POCI-01-0145-FEDER-30624]
- FCT, Fundacao para a Ciencia eTecnologia [PTDC/BTM-MAT/30624/2017]
- FCT [DL 57/2016]
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [PTDC/BTM-MAT/30624/2017] Funding Source: FCT
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Tuberculosis remains a global health challenge, with only one licensed vaccine available. Progress has been made in the development of new TB vaccines, particularly in the field of nanovaccines. Nanovaccines show potential for improving delivery, efficacy, cost, and storage conditions of existing TB vaccines. Further research is needed for the development of novel TB vaccines.
TB remains a global health challenge and, until now, only one licensed vaccine (the BCG vaccine) is available. The main goal of this work is to assess the progress in the development of new TB vaccines and highlight the research in nanovaccines. A review was conducted using a methodology with the appropriate keywords and inclusion and exclusion criteria. The search revealed 37 clinical trials that were further reviewed. The results available have reported good immunogenicity and safety profiles for the vaccines under investigation. Over the last five years, the vaccines, VPM1002 and Vaccae, have moved ahead to phase III clinical trials, with the remaining candidate vaccines progressing in phase I and II clinical trials. RUTI and ID93+GLA-SE involve the use of nanoparticles. This strategy seems promising to improve the delivery, efficacy, cost, and storage conditions of the existing TB vaccines. In conclusion, the use of nanovaccines may be an option for both prevention and treatment. However, further studies are necessary for the development of novel TB vaccines.
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