Journal
ADVANCED SCIENCE
Volume 9, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103561
Keywords
3D printing; composites; fiber alignment; hierarchical structures; interfacial heterogeneity
Categories
Funding
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) internal research program [2Z06551]
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) independent research program
- National Research Foundation of Korea - Korea government [NRF-2020R1A2C2014727, NRF-2020R1A2C2010690]
- National Creative Research Initiative (CRI) Centre for Multi- Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly [2015R1A3A2033061]
- Nanotechnology Research Institute, Jiaxing University
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2Z06690, 2020R1A2C2010690, 2020R1A2C2014727] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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3D printing of fiber-reinforced composites with biomimetic micro/macrofibril-like hierarchical structure enhances toughness and mechanical properties through interfacial heterogeneity. Addition of a small amount of short fiber significantly increases strength and modulus in the composites.
3D printing of fiber-reinforced composites is expected to be the forefront technology for the next-generation high-strength, high-toughness, and lightweight structural materials. The intrinsic architecture of 3D-printed composites closely represents biomimetic micro/macrofibril-like hierarchical structure composed of intermediate filament assembly among the micron-sized reinforcing fibers, and thus contributes to a novel mechanism to simultaneously improve mechanical properties and structural features. Notably, it is found that an interfacial heterogeneity between numerous inner interfaces in the hierarchical structure enables an exceptional increase in the toughness of composites. The strong interfacial adhesion between the fibers and matrix, with accompanying the inherently weak interfacial adhesion between intermediate filaments and the resultant interfacial voids, provide a close representation of the toughness behavior of natural architectures relying on the localized heterogeneity. Given the critical embedment length of fiber reinforcement, extraordinary improvement has been attained not only in the strength but also in toughness taking advantage of the synergy effect from the aforementioned nature-inspired features. Indeed, the addition of a small amount of short fiber to the brittle bio-filaments results in a noticeable increase of more than 200% in the tensile strength and modulus with further elongation increment. This article highlights the inherent structural hierarchy of 3D-printed composites and the relevant sophisticated mechanism for anomalous mechanical reinforcement.
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