Journal
ADVANCED SCIENCE
Volume 9, Issue 11, Pages -Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105059
Keywords
actin; biological materials; biomineralization; biosilica; sponges
Categories
Funding
- DFG [HE 394/3]
- Polish Honourable Alexander von Humboldt Fellowship (FNP, Poland)
- OPUS Project 2020 (NCN, Poland)
- MAESTRO Project 2020 (NCN, Poland)
- Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange (NAWA) Ulam International Programme [PPN/ULM/2020/1/00177]
- Polish National Science Centre [2014/12/W/NZ2/00466]
- Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Poland) [0912/SBAD/2006]
- Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange [PPN/BEK/2018/1/00071]
- Czech Science Foundation [20-03899S]
- Russian Science Foundation [17-14-01089]
- Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Russian Federation [13.1902.21.0012, 075-15-2020-796]
- European Union under the European Regional Development Fund
- Advanced biocomposites for tomorrow's economy BIOG-NET project within the TEAM-NET programme of the Foundation for Polish Science
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Actin is an ancient intracellular protein that plays a crucial role in cell functions and also affects biosilica deposition in metazoans.
Actin is a fundamental member of an ancient superfamily of structural intracellular proteins and plays a crucial role in cytoskeleton dynamics, ciliogenesis, phagocytosis, and force generation in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. It is shown that actin has another function in metazoans: patterning biosilica deposition, a role that has spanned over 500 million years. Species of glass sponges (Hexactinellida) and demosponges (Demospongiae), representatives of the first metazoans, with a broad diversity of skeletal structures with hierarchical architecture unchanged since the late Precambrian, are studied. By etching their skeletons, organic templates dominated by individual F-actin filaments, including branched fibers and the longest, thickest actin fiber bundles ever reported, are isolated. It is proposed that these actin-rich filaments are not the primary site of biosilicification, but this highly sophisticated and multi-scale form of biomineralization in metazoans is ptterned.
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