Journal
ADVANCED SCIENCE
Volume 8, Issue 23, Pages -Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102053
Keywords
operando XRD; proton insertion mechanism; self-discharge; V2O5 cathode; water-in-salt electrolytes
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [52173229, 51711530037]
- Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province [2019KJXX-099]
- Key R&D Program of Shaanxi
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [3102019JC005]
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Concentrated ZnCl2 electrolyte plays a crucial role in stabilizing aqueous batteries, leading to improved electrochemical performance and extended lifespan of V2O5-Zn batteries.
Aqueous V2O5-Zn batteries, an alternative chemistry format that is inherently safer to operate than lithium-based batteries, illuminates the low-cost deployment of the stationary energy storage devices. However, the cathode structure collapse caused by H2O co-insertion in aqueous solution dramatically deteriorates the electrochemical performance and hampers the operation reliability of V2O5-Zn batteries. The real-time phase tracking and the density functional theory (DFT) calculation prove the high energy barrier that inhibits the Zn2+ diffusion into the bulk V2O5, instead the ZnCl2 water-in-salt electrolyte (WiSE) can enable the dominant proton insertion with negligible lattice strain or particle fragment. Thus, ZnCl2 WiSE enables the enhanced reversibility and extended shelf life of the V2O5-Zn battery upon the high temperature storage. The improved electrochemical performance also benefits by the inhibition of vanadium cation dissolution, enlarged voltage window, as well as the suppression of the Zn dendrite protrusion. This study comprehensively elucidates the pivotal role of a concentrated ZnCl2 electrolyte to stabilize the aqueous batteries at both the static storage and dynamic operation scenarios.
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