0D Perovskites: Unique Properties, Synthesis, and Their Applications

0D perovskites have gained much attention in recent years due to their fascinating properties derived from their peculiar structure with isolated metal halide octahedra or metal halide clusters. However, the systematic discussion on the crystal and electronic structure of 0D perovskites to further understand their photophysical characteristics and the comprehensive overview of 0D perovskites for their further applications are still lacking. In this review, the unique crystal and electronic structure of 0D perovskites and their diverse properties are comprehensively analyzed, including large bandgaps, high exciton binding energy, and largely Stokes-shifted broadband emissions from self-trapped excitons. Furthermore, the photoluminescence regulation are discussed. Then, the various synthetic methods for 0D perovskite single crystals, nanocrystals, and thin films are comprehensively summarized. Finally, the emerging applications of 0D perovskites to light-emitting diodes, solar cells, detectors, and some others are illustrated, and the outlook on future research in the field is also provided.

Automated summary

0D perovskites have drawn considerable attention for their unique properties derived from isolated metal halide octahedra or clusters. This review comprehensively analyzes their crystal and electronic structure, as well as properties like large bandgaps, high exciton binding energy, and broad emission spectra from self-trapped excitons with large Stokes shifts. Additionally, synthetic methods and emerging applications in LEDs, solar cells, and detectors are discussed, providing an outlook for future research.