Journal
ADVANCED SCIENCE
Volume 9, Issue 5, Pages -Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105254
Keywords
biological forces; mechanical responses; mechanotransduction
Categories
Funding
- National Key R&D Program of China [2020YFA0908100]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [11804147, 11974174, 11934008, 21902075]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [020414380188]
- Youth Program of Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province [BK20180335]
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments (Tianjin University)
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In the field of biomaterials and biophysics, the study of how cells sense mechanical stimuli and mechanotransduction mechanisms is of great interest. Advanced experimental techniques and new theories are essential for gaining a deeper understanding of mechanical regulation and the mechanotransduction network inside cells.
Over the past decades, increasing evidence has indicated that mechanical loads can regulate the morphogenesis, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of living cells. Investigations of how cells sense mechanical stimuli or the mechanotransduction mechanism is an active field of biomaterials and biophysics. Gaining a further understanding of mechanical regulation and depicting the mechanotransduction network inside cells require advanced experimental techniques and new theories. In this review, the fundamental principles of various experimental approaches that have been developed to characterize various types and magnitudes of forces experienced at the cellular and subcellular levels are summarized. The broad applications of these techniques are introduced with an emphasis on the difficulties in implementing these techniques in special biological systems. The advantages and disadvantages of each technique are discussed, which can guide readers to choose the most suitable technique for their questions. A perspective on future directions in this field is also provided. It is anticipated that technical advancement can be a driving force for the development of mechanobiology.
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