Modal Properties of Photonic Crystal Cavities and Applications to Lasers

Photonic crystal cavities enable strong light-matter interactions, with numerous applications, such as ultra-small and energy-efficient semiconductor lasers, enhanced nonlinearities and single-photon sources. This paper reviews the properties of the modes of photonic crystal cavities, with a special focus on line-defect cavities. In particular, it is shown how the fundamental resonant mode in line-defect cavities gradually turns from Fabry-Perot-like to distributed-feedback-like with increasing cavity size. This peculiar behavior is directly traced back to the properties of the guided Bloch modes. Photonic crystal cavities based on Fano interference are also covered. This type of cavity is realized through coupling of a line-defect waveguide with an adjacent nanocavity, with applications to Fano lasers and optical switches. Finally, emerging cavities for extreme dielectric confinement are covered. These cavities promise extremely strong light-matter interactions by realizing deep sub-wavelength mode size while keeping a high quality factor.

Automated summary

Photonic crystal cavities allow for strong light-matter interactions, leading to applications like ultra-small and energy-efficient semiconductor lasers, enhanced nonlinearities, and single-photon sources. This paper reviews the properties of these cavities, focusing on line-defect cavities and their evolution from Fabry-Perot-like to distributed-feedback-like modes. It also discusses cavities based on Fano interference and emerging cavities for extreme dielectric confinement, promising extremely strong light-matter interactions.