Journal
NANOMATERIALS
Volume 11, Issue 12, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/nano11123291
Keywords
nanopolystyrene; size; charge; Mytilus; hemocytes; NP-protein corona; immune responses; larvae
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In the absence of standard methods for detecting/quantifying nanoplastics in environmental samples, commercial nanopolymers are used as substitutes in toxicity testing and environmental risk assessment. Different amino modified PS-NH2 showed distinct behavior and biological responses in exposure media, with smaller sized PS-NH2 generally exhibiting stronger effects due to less agglomeration and higher positive charge.
In the absence of standard methods for the detection/quantification of nanoplastics (NPs) in environmental samples, commercial nanopolymers are utilized as proxies for toxicity testing and environmental risk assessment. In marine species, a considerable amount of data are now available on the effects of nanopolystyrene (PS-NPs) of different size/surface characteristics. In this work, amino modified PS-NPs (PS-NH2) (50 and 100 nm), purchased from two different companies, were compared in terms of behavior in exposure media and of biological responses, from molecular to organism level, in the model marine bivalve Mytilus. Different PS-NH2 showed distinct agglomeration and surface charge in artificial sea water (ASW) and hemolymph serum (HS). Differences in behavior were largely reflected by the effects on immune function in vitro and in vivo and on early larval development. Stronger effects were generally observed with PS-NH2 of smaller size, showing less agglomeration and higher positive charge in exposure media. Specific molecular interactions with HS components were investigated by the isolation and characterization of the NP-corona proteins. Data obtained in larvae demonstrate interference with the molecular mechanisms of shell biogenesis. Overall, different PS-NH2 can affect the key physiological functions of mussels at environmental concentrations (10 mu g/L). However, detailed information on the commercial NPs utilized is required to compare their biological effects among laboratory experiments.
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