Journal
GENES
Volume 13, Issue 2, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/genes13020339
Keywords
DNA demethylation; SGS3-like protein; FDDM1 and FDDM2; epigenetics; Arabidopsis
Categories
Funding
- National Institute of Health [GM127414]
- National Science Foundation [MCB-1818082]
- Nebraska Soybean Board [1739, 20R-09-1/2]
- Innovation Fund of the Shandong Energy Institute [SEI I202130]
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The study revealed that FDDM1 and FDDM2 act as a heterodimer to negatively regulate DNA methylation levels at ROS1-dependent DNA loci in Arabidopsis.
DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification required for the specific regulation of gene expression and the maintenance of genome stability in plants and animals. However, the mechanism of DNA demethylation remains largely unknown. Here, we show that two SGS3-like proteins, FACTOR OF DNA DEMETHYLATION 1 (FDDM1) and FDDM2, negatively affect the DNA methylation levels at ROS1-dependend DNA loci in Arabidopsis. FDDM1 binds dsRNAs with 50 overhangs through its XS (rice gene X and SGS3) domain and forms a heterodimer with FDDM2 through its XH (rice gene X Homology) domain. A lack of FDDM1 or FDDM2 increased DNA methylation levels at several ROS1-dependent DNA loci. However, FDDM1 and FDDM2 may not have an additive effect on DNA methylation levels. Moreover, the XS and XH domains are required for the function of FDDM1. Taken together, these results suggest that FDDM1 and FDDM2 act as a heterodimer to positively modulate DNA demethylation. Our finding extends the function of plant-specific SGS3-like proteins.
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