4.6 Review

DNA Repair in Space and Time: Safeguarding the Genome with the Cohesin Complex

Journal

GENES
Volume 13, Issue 2, Pages -

Publisher

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/genes13020198

Keywords

DNA repair; NHEJ; homologous recombination; chromatin; nuclear organization; chromatin dynamics; cohesin

Funding

  1. Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale [DEP20131128535]
  2. European Research Council under the European Community's Seventh Framework Program(FP7/2007 2013/European Research Council [281287]
  3. Fondation ARC pour la Recherche sur le Cancer [PJA-20191209432]
  4. CEA Radiation biology program
  5. EDF
  6. CEA-IRTELIS Ph.D. program
  7. European Research Council (ERC) [281287] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)

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DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are a harmful form of DNA damage that require robust repair mechanisms. The repair process is influenced by chromatin composition and dynamics, as well as 3D genome organization and break localization. The cohesin complex, involved in chromosome folding and sister chromatid cohesion, is emerging as a key player in DNA damage response, affecting repair pathway choice and efficiency.
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are a deleterious form of DNA damage, which must be robustly addressed to ensure genome stability. Defective repair can result in chromosome loss, point mutations, loss of heterozygosity or chromosomal rearrangements, which could lead to oncogenesis or cell death. We explore the requirements for the successful repair of DNA DSBs by non-homologous end joining and homology-directed repair (HDR) mechanisms in relation to genome folding and dynamics. On the occurrence of a DSB, local and global chromatin composition and dynamics, as well as 3D genome organization and break localization within the nuclear space, influence how repair proceeds. The cohesin complex is increasingly implicated as a key regulator of the genome, influencing chromatin composition and dynamics, and crucially genome organization through folding chromosomes by an active loop extrusion mechanism, and maintaining sister chromatid cohesion. Here, we consider how this complex is now emerging as a key player in the DNA damage response, influencing repair pathway choice and efficiency.

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