Residual Impact of Concurrent, Resistance, and High-Intensity Interval Training on Fasting Measures of Glucose Metabolism in Women With Insulin Resistance

We sought to assess the residual effects (post 72-h training cessation) on fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting insulin (FI) after 12-weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), resistance training (RT), or concurrent training (CT) in women with insulin resistance (IR). We also aimed to determine the training-induced, post-training residual impact of CT. A total of adult 45 women (age 38.5 +/- 9.2years) were included in the final analysis and were assigned to a control (CG; n=13, BMI 28.3 +/- 3.6kg/m(2)), HIIT [n=14, BMI 28.6 +/- 3.6kg/m(2), three sessions/wk., 80-100% of the maximum heart rate (HRmax)], RT [n=8, BMI 29.4 +/- 5.5kg/m(2), two sessions/wk., 8-10 points of the modified Borg, corresponding to 20 to 50% range of one maximum repetition test (1RM)], or CT group (n=10, BMI 29.1 +/- 3.0kg/m(2), three sessions/wk., 80-100% of HRmax, and 8-10 Borg, or 20 to 50% range of 1RM, to each HIIT and RT compounds), with the latter including both HIIT and RT regimens. Training interventions lasted 12-weeks. The main outcomes were FPG and FI measured at pre- and 24-h and 72-h post-training (FPG(24h), FI24h, and FPG(72h), FI72h, respectively). Secondary endpoints were body composition/anthropometry and the adiposity markers waist circumference (WC) and tricipital skinfold (T-SF). The residual effects 72-h post-training [delta ( increment )] were significantly poorer (all p<0.01) in the CT group ( increment FPG(72h)+6.6mg/dl, eta(2): 0.76) than in the HIIT ( increment FPG(72h)+1.2mg/dl, eta(2): 0.07) and RT ( increment FPG(72h)+1.0mg/dl, eta(2): 0.05) groups. These findings reveal that HIIT reduces FPG and RT reduces FI 24-h post-training; both exercise interventions alone have remarkably better residual effects on FPG and FI (post-72h) than CT in women with insulin resistance.

Automated summary

The study aimed to assess the residual effects of high-intensity interval training and resistance training on fasting plasma glucose and fasting insulin in women with insulin resistance. The results showed that both types of training had better residual effects compared to concurrent training.