Journal
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 15, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.753915
Keywords
brain disorders; neurodevelopmental disorders; neurodegenerative diseases; microbiota; gut-brain; gut dysbiosis; prebiotics; probiotics
Categories
Funding
- BioArte Ltd.
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The physiological and pathological functions of the brain depend on both neuronal and non-neuronal populations. The gut brain, formed by microbial populations living in the gut, communicates with the human brain via the gut-brain axis and has an influence on brain functions, potentially becoming a therapeutic target for brain pathologies.
Brain physiological functions or pathological dysfunctions do surely depend on the activity of both neuronal and non-neuronal populations. Nevertheless, over the last decades, compelling and fast accumulating evidence showed that the brain is not alone. Indeed, the so-called gut brain, composed of the microbial populations living in the gut, forms a symbiotic superorganism weighing as the human brain and strongly communicating with the latter via the gut-brain axis. The gut brain does exert a control on brain (dys)functions and it will eventually become a promising valuable therapeutic target for a number of brain pathologies. In the present review, we will first describe the role of gut microbiota in normal brain physiology from neurodevelopment till adulthood, and thereafter we will discuss evidence from the literature showing how gut microbiota alterations are a signature in a number of brain pathologies ranging from neurodevelopmental to neurodegenerative disorders, and how pre/probiotic supplement interventions aimed to correct the altered dysbiosis in pathological conditions may represent a valuable future therapeutic strategy.
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