Multiprocess Laser Lifting-Off for Nanostructured Semiconductive Hydrogels

Semiconductive hydrogels denote a strategically valuable platform associated with interdiscipline fields by double advantages of metals and organisms (eco-friendliness, structural flexibility, mixed conduction, real-time responsiveness, scalable fabrication, and chemical stability). Nevertheless, the orthodox chemical/physical methods processing hydrogels yield planar-like layers or rough structures without ultrafine feature size or manipulative performance, falling short of mu-robotics, mu-electronics, or n-energy industries. Thereby, scaling the device's volume down and unleashing material's potential become crucially important for broadband applications. A femtosecond laser lifting-off technique is synthesized with self-assembly to break conventional volume/resolution limitation, enlarge the geometry-design capacity, and desirable electricity conduction for micro/nanosituations. Low-dimensional high-performance nanowires, electric circuits, ultrathin interdigital capacitors, manipulative photon filters, and metasurfaces are functionalized here. The repeated experiment concludes a high-density integration ability with a subminiature size down to 10 x 10 x 0.02 mu m(3), tunable electric conductivity up to 1.17 x 10(5) S m(-1), and areal capacitance >16.2 mF cm(-2) for energy storage higher than those electrochemical double-layer ones. Large geometry capacity with nanometric resolution provides access to future-perspective optoelectronic products, n-energy, bioneural recordings, or interfaces of embedding conditions.

Automated summary

Semiconductive hydrogels offer a valuable platform combining the advantages of metals and organisms, but traditional processing methods often fail to meet the needs of industries like mu-robotics and n-energy. A femtosecond laser lifting-off technique breaks conventional limitations, allowing for high-density integration and tunable electric conductivity. This technology enables the fabrication of various functional components for future optoelectronic products and energy storage solutions.