4.6 Article

Controllable Growth of Graphene Photonic Crystal Fibers with Tunable Optical Nonlinearity

Journal

ACS PHOTONICS
Volume 9, Issue 3, Pages 961-968

Publisher

AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.1c01823

Keywords

graphene; optical fiber; pressure-controllable chemical vapor deposition; nonlinear harmonic generation; all-fiber laser

Funding

  1. Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences [BNLMS-CXTD-202001]
  2. Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission [Z181100004818003, Z201100008720006, Z191100000819003]
  3. National Natural Science Foundation of China [52025023, 51991342, 52021006, 11888101]
  4. Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDB33000000]
  5. Key R&D Program of Guangdong Province [2020B010189001, 2019B010931001, 2018B030327001]
  6. Pearl River Talent Recruitment Program of Guangdong Province [2019ZT08C321]
  7. Beijing Natural Science Foundation [JQ19004]
  8. Zhongyuan Thousand Talents Program of Henan Province
  9. National Top-notch Young Talents of Ten Thousand Talents Program

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This study proposes a controllable chemical vapor deposition strategy to precisely manipulate the structure and properties of graphene optical fiber, achieving strong and tunable optical nonlinearity. The nonlinear harmonic generations exhibit nearly one order of magnitude enhancement compared to graphene on planar quartz. Moreover, an ultrafast all-fiber laser employing the nonlinear graphene optical fiber as a saturable absorber is demonstrated with high output power and pulse width.
The graphene photonic crystal fiber (Gr-PCF), with graphene coated onto the inner hole walls of the fiber, has shown its superiority in various photonic and optoelectronic applications ranging from electro-optic modulators to environmental sensors. However, these applications mainly utilize the linear optical properties of graphene, and its potentials in the nonlinear optical regime are still waiting to be explored. As for the nonlinear applications, the structure and property of Gr-PCF must be precisely manipulated for the tradeoff between nonlinear enhancement and linear absorption loss of graphene. Here, we propose a pressure-controllable chemical vapor deposition strategy to precisely control the uniform fiber length and graphene thickness, realizing the strong and tunable optical nonlinearity of Gr-PCF with acceptable optical loss. Based on the as-fabricated fiber, the nonlinear harmonic generations exhibit nearly one order of magnitude enhancement compared with those of graphene on planar quartz. Moreover, an ultrafast all-fiber laser employing the nonlinear Gr-PCF as a saturable absorber is demonstrated with similar to 8 mW output power, similar to 2 ps pulse width, and similar to 37 MHz repetition frequency. Our results can technically open up an infusive way to precisely engineer the nonlinear properties of graphene optical fibers and broaden their applications in all-fiber photonic and optoelectronic devices.

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