How Far Is Far Enough? The Social Constitution of Geothermal Energy through Spacing Regulations

This article argues that the sociotechnical context in which near-surface geothermal energy is embedded draws out its characteristic of being temporarily depletable. Thereby, the minimization of unavoidable side effects, such as cold plumes, which result from the social constitution of geothermal energy, is a crucial area of consideration. Using the situation in Germany as a touchstone, we discuss how cold plumes and interferences from neighboring ground source heat pumps test the limits of the existing regulatory framework, requiring negotiations between different knowledge sets stemming from areas as diverse as planning law, geology, cultural habits, and engineering. This makes the operation of geothermal energy highly uncertain and continuous negotiations on sustainable modes of extractions a pressing issue.

Automated summary

This article discusses the impact of the sociotechnical context on the depletability of near-surface geothermal energy and emphasizes the importance of minimizing side effects such as cold plumes. Using Germany as an example, the article explores how cold plumes and interferences from neighboring ground source heat pumps challenge existing regulatory frameworks, necessitating negotiations between different knowledge sets. This highlights the uncertainty of geothermal energy operations and the pressing need for continuous negotiations on sustainable extraction modes.