Journal
LIGHT-SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS
Volume 11, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
SPRINGERNATURE
DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00696-2
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Funding
- Ministry of Higher Education and Research, Nord-Pas de Calais Regional Council and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Contrat de Plan Etat-Region (CPER photonics for society)
- LABEX CEMPI project [ANR-11-LABX-0 007]
- ANR-DFG ULTRASYNC project [ANR-19-CE30-0031]
- METEOR CNRS MOMENTUM grant
- DESY
- Office of Naval Research (ONR) Multi-disciplinary University Research Initiatives (MURI) program on Optical Computing [N00014-14-1-0505]
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Recording electric field evolution in single-shot with THz bandwidth is of great importance in various scientific fields. This study introduces a new spectral decoding technique that enables the recording and analysis of THz waveforms with unprecedented resolution over a long time window. Experimental results demonstrate the potential of this technique in accelerator physics and other applications.
Recording electric field evolution in single-shot with THz bandwidth is needed in science including spectroscopy, plasmas, biology, chemistry, Free-Electron Lasers, accelerators, and material inspection. However, the potential application range depends on the possibility to achieve sub-picosecond resolution over a long time window, which is a largely open problem for single-shot techniques. To solve this problem, we present a new conceptual approach for the so-called spectral decoding technique, where a chirped laser pulse interacts with a THz signal in a Pockels crystal, and is analyzed using a grating optical spectrum analyzer. By borrowing mathematical concepts from photonic time stretch theory and radio-frequency communication, we deduce a novel dual-output electro-optic sampling system, for which the input THz signal can be numerically retrieved-with unprecedented resolution-using the so-called phase diversity technique. We show numerically and experimentally that this approach enables the recording of THz waveforms in single-shot over much longer durations and/or higher bandwidth than previous spectral decoding techniques. We present and test the proposed DEOS (Diversity Electro-Optic Sampling) design for recording 1.5 THz bandwidth THz pulses, over 20 ps duration, in single-shot. Then we demonstrate the potential of DEOS in accelerator physics by recording, in two successive shots, the shape of 200 fs RMS relativistic electron bunches at European X-FEL, over 10 ps recording windows. The designs presented here can be used directly for accelerator diagnostics, characterization of THz sources, and single-shot Time-Domain Spectroscopy.
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