Q-monopole-ball: a topological and nontopological soliton

Magnetic monopoles and Q-balls are examples of topological and nontopological solitons, respectively. A new soliton state with both topological and nontopological charges is shown to also exist, given a monopole sector with a portal coupling to an additional scalar field S with a global U(1) symmetry. This new state, the Q-monopole-ball, is more stable than an isolated Q-ball made of only S particles, and it could be stable against fissioning into monopoles and free S particles. Stable Q-monopole-balls can contain large magnetic charges, providing a novel nongravitational mechanism for binding like-charged monopoles together. They could be produced from a phase transition in the early universe and account for all dark matter.

Automated summary

Magnetic monopoles and Q-balls are examples of topological and nontopological solitons. A new soliton state called Q-monopole-ball, which has both topological and nontopological charges, has been discovered in a monopole sector. Stable Q-monopole-balls can contain large magnetic charges and may explain the existence of dark matter.