Journal
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
Volume 11, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.121.023163
Keywords
blood pressure; carotid distensibility; carotid intima media thickness; gestational hypertensive disorders; offspring
Categories
Funding
- European Research Council [ERC-2014-CoG-648916]
- Dutch Heart Foundation [2017T013]
- Dutch Diabetes Foundation [2017.81.002]
- Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (NWO) [ZonMW 543003109]
- European Union [727565]
- European Joint Programming Initiative A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life (JPI HDHL, EndObesity project, ZonMW the Netherlands) [529051026]
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Gestational hypertension and higher gestational blood pressure are associated with higher offspring blood pressure and lower carotid distensibility. However, preeclampsia is not associated with offspring vascular outcomes. These associations are more likely driven by genetic predisposition and shared lifestyle rather than by a direct intrauterine effect.
Background Offspring exposed to gestational hypertensive disorders have higher blood pressure and increased risk of stroke in later life. Gestational hypertensive disorders might influence vascular development in the offspring, predisposing them to a higher blood pressure and stroke in later life. Methods and Results In a population-based cohort among 4777 mother-offspring pairs, we examined whether gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and higher gestational blood pressure across the full blood pressure spectrum were associated with offspring blood pressure, carotid intima media thickness, and distensibility at the age of 10 years. Offspring exposed to gestational hypertension, but not preeclampsia, had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure (0.17 [95% CI, 0.02-0.31] and 0.23 [95% CI, 0.08-0.38] increases in standard deviation scores, respectively), whereas no associations with intima media thickness and distensibility were present. Higher maternal systolic and diastolic blood pressure in early, mid, and late pregnancy were associated with higher offspring systolic and diastolic blood pressure and lower distensibility (P values <0.05), but not with intima media thickness. The associations were not explained by maternal, birth, or child factors. Paternal systolic and diastolic blood pressure were also associated with these offspring outcomes (P values <0.05), with a comparable strength as maternal-offspring associations. Conclusions Gestational hypertension and higher gestational blood pressure, even below the diagnostic threshold for gestational hypertensive disorders, are associated with higher offspring blood pressure and lower carotid distensibility. No associations were found for preeclampsia with offspring vascular outcomes. As maternal-offspring and paternal-offspring associations were comparable, these associations are more likely driven by genetic predisposition and shared lifestyle rather than by a direct intrauterine effect.
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