4.7 Article

Secondary Frequency Regulation from Variable Generation Through Uncertainty Decomposition: An Economic and Reliability Perspective

Journal

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
Volume 12, Issue 4, Pages 2019-2030

Publisher

IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TSTE.2021.3076758

Keywords

Uncertainty; Real-time systems; Automatic generation control; Reliability; Power generation dispatch; Frequency control; Secondary frequency regulation; variable generation; economic dispatch; uncertainty

Funding

  1. Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC
  2. U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC3608GO28308]
  3. U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Solar Energy Technologies Office [34224]

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This paper proposes a deliverable VG SFR provision model with endogenous VG's power uncertainty decomposition, guaranteeing the deliverable SFR provision through distributionally robust chance constraints. It also validates and evaluates the intra-interval frequency response of PV's SFR, demonstrating that with the deliverable SFR from PV, system cost and frequency reliability can be improved simultaneously.PV's SFR performance can be guaranteed with the proposed model.
The rapid integration of variable generation (VG), such as photovoltaics (PV), necessitates an increase in the secondary frequency regulation (SFR) to handle the system intra-dispatch interval imbalance because of VG's variation. Although PV has the control capability to provide SFR, the main challenge is in guaranteeing the delivery of PV's energy and SFRs capacities in the automatic generation control (AGC) within each dispatch interval considering its uncertainty. This paper proposes a deliverable VG SFR provision model with endogenous VG's power uncertainty decomposition. First, the uncertainty of VG is decomposed using distributionally robust chance constraints through which the deliverable SFR provision is guaranteed. Next, the intra-interval frequency response of PV's SFR is validated with a user defined AGC model including the PV power plant. Finally, the economic benefits and the reliability improvements-such as the frequency deviation reduction with PV providing SFR-can be integrated and evaluated. The proposed model is tested in a modified 18-bus system and in the 240-bus simplified Western Electricity Coordinating Council test system. Results demonstrate that with the deliverable SFR from PV, the system cost and the frequency reliability can be improved simultaneously. PV's SFR performance can be guaranteed with the proposed model.

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