Journal
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
Volume 12, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.746908
Keywords
type III polyketide synthases; chalcones; alkaloids; chromones; anthrones; xanthones; pyrones; cannabinoids
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Funding
- South Asian University Start-up grant
- Innovative Young Biotechnologist Award (IYBA), Department of Biotechnology (DBT)
- Core Research Grant (CRG), Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Department of Science and Technology (DST) [CRG/2018/002229]
- Government of India
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Plants produce a variety of secondary metabolites through type III PKSs, which have pharmaceutical, medicinal, and industrial applications, making them important tools for bioengineering. These secondary metabolites affect human health and provide survival advantages for the plant species, showcasing the potential for generating new drugs and modified products through enzyme manipulation.
Plants produce interesting secondary metabolites that are a valuable source of both medicines for human use, along with significant advantages for the manufacturer species. The active compounds which lead to these instrumental effects are generally secondary metabolites produced during various plant growth phases, which provide the host survival advantages while affecting human health inadvertently. Different chemical classes of secondary metabolites are biosynthesized by the plant type III polyketide synthases (PKSs). They are simple homodimeric proteins with the unique mechanistic potential to produce a broad array of secondary metabolites by utilizing simpler starter and extender units. These PKS derived products are majorly the precursors of some important secondary metabolite pathways leading to products such as flavonoids, stilbenes, benzalacetones, chromones, acridones, xanthones, cannabinoids, aliphatic waxes, alkaloids, anthrones, and pyrones. These secondary metabolites have various pharmaceutical, medicinal and industrial applications which make biosynthesizing type III PKSs an important tool for bioengineering purposes. Because of their structural simplicity and ease of manipulation, these enzymes have garnered interest in recent years due to their application in the generation of unnatural natural polyketides and modified products in the search for newer drugs for a variety of health problems. The following review covers the biosynthesis of a variety of type III PKS-derived secondary metabolites, their biological relevance, the associated enzymes, and recent research.
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