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Summary: The study found that the SARS-CoV-2 alpha variant is more transmissible and associated with increased rates of hospitalization and mortality compared to the wild-type virus in England between November 16, 2020 and January 11, 2021.
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Summary: The study examined the genetic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2, including genetic diversity, mutations, diagnostic methods, and vaccination strategies, and discussed the unanswered questions and uncertainties in these areas.
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Jessica A. Plante et al.
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Jeffrey V. Lazarus et al.
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Brigitte Renata Bezerra de Oliveira et al.
Summary: This study analyzed the determinants of access to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine by different countries, finding that economic factors, impact of the pandemic, and other indicators influence vaccine distribution. Wealthier and more severely affected countries tend to have better access to vaccines. Global efforts are needed to promote equitable distribution of vaccines and protect populations in vulnerable countries.
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(2021)
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Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Ali J. Marian
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Merryn Voysey et al.
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Kyung Soo Park et al.
Summary: The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly spread worldwide, causing millions of cases and over a million deaths. Various types of vaccines, including traditional and advanced DNA and mRNA vaccines, are being developed. The efficacy and duration of protection of these vaccines depend on factors such as antigen design and delivery strategies, and further research is needed.
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Wilfredo F. Garcia-Beltran et al.
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Medicine, General & Internal
Wenjuan Zhang et al.
Summary: The research focused on sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of SARS-CoV-2 isolates from symptomatic patients at Cedar-Sinai Medical Center in November-December 2020, providing insights into a surge in cases and hospitalizations during that period.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
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Denis Y. Logunov et al.
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Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dami A. Collier et al.
Summary: The B.1.1.7 variant of SARS-CoV-2 exhibited reduced neutralization by vaccines and antibodies from recovered COVID-19 patients, with a more substantial loss seen when introducing the E484K mutation. This mutation poses a threat to the efficacy of the BNT162b2 vaccine.
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Pengfei Wang et al.
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has had global repercussions, with promising vaccines and monoclonal antibody therapies. However, newly detected variants of SARS-CoV-2 present challenges to these treatment options.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Seiya Ozono et al.
Summary: The naturally occurring mutations of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein can affect cell entry, with the D614G mutation resulting in increased cell entry and maintaining susceptibility to neutralization by antisera against prototypic viruses. Further global surveillance is needed to understand the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 among humans.
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Hyein Jeong et al.
Summary: In this study, a novel DNA vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2 called W4P-RBD was developed and shown to induce robust humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in vaccinated mice, suggesting its potential as a protective measure against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
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Immunology
Nikolaos C. Kyriakidis et al.
Summary: The new SARS-CoV-2 virus is rapidly spreading worldwide, causing the COVID-19 pandemic with more than 1.866 million deaths. Over 64 vaccine candidates are being developed globally, aiming to induce antibodies to prevent viral entry. Thirteen vaccine candidates are currently in Phase 3 clinical trials, showing promising progress towards approval for large-scale immunizations.
Review
Immunology
Carmen Elena Gomez et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 variants with higher transmissibility and mutations in the spike protein have direct implications on infection rates and resistance to antibodies. These variants have significant impacts on medical countermeasures and human health.
Article
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Markus Hoffmann et al.
Summary: The emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants may exhibit resistance to existing neutralizing antibodies and treatments, which could have significant implications for pandemic containment efforts.
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Katherine R. W. Emary et al.
Summary: A post-hoc analysis was conducted on the efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against the B.1.1.7 variant of SARS-CoV-2 in the UK. The vaccine showed reduced neutralisation activity against the B.1.1.7 variant in vitro, but still demonstrated efficacy against the B.1.1.7 variant of the virus.
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Mohamed E. Abouelela et al.
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David S. Khoury et al.
Summary: The level of neutralizing antibodies is closely related to immune protection against COVID-19, playing a crucial role in protecting against detected infection and severe infection. Studies have shown that neutralizing titers will decline over time after vaccination, leading to decreased protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Laith J. Abu-Raddad et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
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Medicine, General & Internal
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NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
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V. Shinde et al.
Summary: The NVX-CoV2373 vaccine showed efficacy in preventing Covid-19, with higher vaccine efficacy observed among HIV-negative participants. Most infections were caused by the B.1.351 variant.
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Elena Quinonez et al.
Summary: The study revealed that the B.1.1.7 variant in North America has high affinity to neutralizing antibodies, but its proportion will decrease once herd immunity is reached. On the other hand, the proportions of the B.1.351, B.1.617, and P.1 variants are slowly increasing, but herd immunity can relatively control these variants.
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Jamie Lopez Bernal et al.
Summary: This study estimated the real-world effectiveness of Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 and Oxford-AstraZeneca ChAdOx1-S vaccines against confirmed COVID-19 symptoms, hospital admissions, and deaths. The vaccines showed significant reduction in symptomatic COVID-19 among older adults and further protection against severe disease. Both vaccines demonstrated similar effects and protection was maintained for over 6 weeks.
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Medicine, General & Internal
Bogdan Doroftei et al.
Summary: After analyzing 19 relevant articles, it was concluded that among the eleven vaccines, Pfizer-BioNTech (about 95%), Moderna (about 94%), and Sputnik V (about 92%) showed an efficacy greater than 90%, while Oxford-AstraZeneca was only about 81% effective. Additionally, Moderna, Sputnik V, and Oxford-AstraZeneca also reduced the occurrence of severe adverse reactions.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chang Liu et al.
Summary: Recent study examined the neutralizing ability of monoclonal antibodies, convalescent and vaccine sera against the Indian variants B.1.617.1 and B.1.617.2, showing that the neutralization of these variants is reduced compared to the ancestral strains, without widespread antibody escape as seen in other variants like B.1.351.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Elina Seppala et al.
Summary: This population-based cohort study found that the vaccine effectiveness against the Delta variant was significantly lower for partially vaccinated individuals at 22.4% compared to 64.6% for fully vaccinated individuals, when compared to vaccine effectiveness against the Alpha variant at 54.5% and 84.4% respectively.
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Yosuke Hirotsu et al.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Virology
Stefano Pascarella et al.
Summary: Lineage B.1.617+, also known as G/452R.V3 and denoted by WHO as delta and kappa, is a newly described SARS-CoV-2 variant first identified in India in October 2020. Three sublineages, B.1.617.1 (kappa), B.1.617.2 (delta), and B.1.617.3, have been identified, with their potential impact on the current pandemic under investigation. This variant with 13 amino acid changes, including E484Q, L452R, and P681R, is characterized by a significant alteration in the surface electrostatic potential of the spike protein receptor-binding domain, particularly noticeable in the delta sublineage. The enhanced electrostatic potential change may facilitate the interaction between the B.1.617+ RBD and the ACE2 receptor, potentially increasing virus transmission.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Pragya D. Yadav et al.
JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE
(2021)
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Medicine, General & Internal
Mine Durusu Tanriover et al.
Summary: The study presented the interim efficacy and safety results of the CoronaVac vaccine in a phase 3 clinical trial in Turkey, demonstrating high efficacy against PCR-confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 with good safety and tolerability profile. Results showed significant differences in the frequency of any adverse events between the vaccine and placebo groups, indicating excellent protective effects of the vaccine.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Delphine Planas et al.
Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617 Delta variant, first identified in India in 2020, has become dominant in some regions and is spreading to many countries. This variant shows resistance to certain monoclonal antibodies and antibodies in convalescent sera, as well as reduced neutralization by some COVID-19 vaccines. Administration of two doses of the vaccine is needed for a neutralizing response against the Delta variant.
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Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jianying Liu et al.
Summary: Serum samples from individuals vaccinated with the BNT162b2 vaccine can neutralize various SARS-CoV-2 variants, indicating mass immunization as a central strategy to end the global COVID-19 pandemic.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rita E. Chen et al.
Summary: Cell culture experiments showed reduced or abrogated neutralizing activity of monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variant strains, but low prophylactic doses of antibody combinations protected against infection in vivo without resistance emergence. Higher doses of several monoclonal antibody cocktails also provided protection against viruses with a B.1.351 spike gene in vivo. Many antibody products with Emergency Use Authorization should therefore retain substantial efficacy against prevailing variant strains of SARS-CoV-2.
Letter
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jasdeep Singh et al.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bas B. Oude Munnink et al.
Summary: This review summarizes the current knowledge on key viral mutations and variants, emphasizing the need for a systematic approach to link global genomic surveillance with timely assessment of the phenotypic characteristics of novel variants in preparation for the next phase of the pandemic.
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Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Joana Barros-Martins et al.
Summary: A study found that booster vaccination with BNT162b2 in healthcare professionals previously vaccinated with ChAdOx-1 nCoV-19 elicited more neutralizing antibodies and higher frequencies of virus-specific T cells. Additionally, BNT162b2 induced high titers of neutralizing antibodies against variants of concern, such as B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P.1.
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Medicine, General & Internal
Paul T. Heath et al.
Summary: The NVX-CoV2373 vaccine demonstrated an efficacy of 89.7% in a phase 3 trial with over 15,000 participants, with mild and transient reactogenicity. It showed high efficacy against the B.1.1.7 variant and a low incidence of adverse events.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
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Genetics & Heredity
Brona Brejova et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 mutants with H69/V70 deletion emerged in six lineages, including the B.1.1.7 variant. Samples from Slovakia showed a significant presence of the B.1.258 variant, which circulated in Central Europe before the arrival of B.1.1.7.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Matthias Becker et al.
Summary: This study characterizes the antibody response from vaccinated, infected, and uninfected individuals against emerging variants of concern of SARS-CoV-2, indicating reduced neutralization of a South African isolate. High IgG titers in the saliva of vaccinees suggest reduced transmission potential.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
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Immunology
Dana Ashoor et al.
Summary: Understanding SARS-CoV-2 infectivity involves studying the interactions between the virus Spike protein and the ACE2 receptor, impacted by RBD mutations and ACE2 polymorphism. Analysis shows that the majority of RBD point mutations destabilize the virus-receptor complex and different ACE2 variants lead to varying molecular interaction patterns and complex stability. Considering both ACE2 variants and SARS-CoV-2 RBD mutations is crucial for evaluating the stability of the virus-receptor association and infectivity.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
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Microbiology
Nupur Biswas et al.
Summary: Identifying the genomic diversity and phylodynamic profiles of prevalent SARS-CoV-2 variants is crucial in understanding their evolution and spread. Genomic sequencing and analysis of variants collected in Kolkata, West Bengal, India revealed clade dynamics and potential associations between specific mutations and infection outcomes in Indian patients. Frequent mutations and co-mutations observed within major clades over time suggest the emergence of new mutations in the viral population.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
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Microbiology
Ria Lassauniere et al.
Summary: In addition to humans, SARS-CoV-2 can also infect various animals, with mink being particularly susceptible. The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 in mink farms in Denmark led to concerns over virus mutations and transmission back to humans.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Microbiology
Frank Konings et al.
Summary: A group convened and led by the Virus Evolution Working Group of the World Health Organization has announced a naming scheme to enable clear communication about SARS-CoV-2 variants of interest and concern.
NATURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Xucheng Hou et al.
Summary: Lipid nanoparticle-mRNA formulations have successfully entered clinical use as COVID-19 vaccines, representing a major milestone in mRNA therapeutics. This review discusses the design of lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery, emphasizing key points for clinical translation and preclinical studies of lipid nanoparticle-mRNA therapeutics for various diseases.
NATURE REVIEWS MATERIALS
(2021)
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Immunology
Solen Kerneis et al.
Summary: This report describes a case of confirmed transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 alpha variant (B.1.1.7) from a symptomatic immunocompetent woman 4 weeks after her second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine, despite antispike seroconversion.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
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Microbiology
Sarah Cherian et al.
Summary: Genomic epidemiology and whole genome sequencing were used to investigate the transmission and evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus during the global pandemic. The study identified new variants B.1.617.1 and B.1.617.2 in India, responsible for the second wave of COVID-19 in Maharashtra, with B.1.617.2 designated as a VOC delta and B.1.617.1 as a variant of interest kappa. Monitoring of these and emerging variants in India is crucial for public health.
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Medicine, General & Internal
Jayanthi Shastri et al.
Summary: The study found that despite post-vaccination immunity and immunity acquired through past infection, breakthrough infections caused by Variants of Concern can still occur in COVID-19 cases. A patient in the study experienced breakthrough infections with the Alpha variant and the Delta variant, the latter resulting in severe illness even after boosting. The source of infection was established through clinical data and genetic sequencing.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
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Health Care Sciences & Services
Matt D. T. Hitchings et al.
Summary: The study found that CoronaVac vaccine was effective in reducing symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers in Manaus, especially during the Gamma variant epidemic, but the effectiveness of the two-dose schedule was low.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-AMERICAS
(2021)
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Multidisciplinary Sciences
Timothy A. Bates et al.
Summary: The study shows that serum from BNT162b2 vaccine recipients and convalescent COVID-19 patients has lower neutralization efficiency against SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.1.7 and B.1.351, and this is negatively associated with patient age. The emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants are found to escape neutralization by serum antibodies, potentially leading to increased risk of reinfection or vaccine breakthrough.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
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Immunology
John S. Tregoning et al.
Summary: The development and rollout of vaccines have brought hope for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, with vaccines proving highly effective in preventing disease. However, challenges remain in ensuring equitable access to vaccines globally, as well as lessons to be learned for controlling pandemics in the future.
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY
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Bette Korber et al.
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Desh Deepak Singh et al.
COMPUTATIONAL AND STRUCTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
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Cell Biology
Desh Deepak Singh et al.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
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Hin Chu et al.
