Journal
ELIFE
Volume 10, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
eLIFE SCIENCES PUBL LTD
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.70330
Keywords
antibodies; SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus; cross-reactivity; vaccine; COVID-19; Human; Other
Categories
Funding
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek [91818627, 10430022010023]
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [INV-002022, INV008818, INV-024617]
- UMC Utrecht Amsterdam Corona Research Fund
- National Health and Medical Research Council
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [INV-002022, INV-024617] Funding Source: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
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Research shows that after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination, humans produce cross-reactive antibodies against multiple coronaviruses, supporting the feasibility of developing a pan-coronavirus vaccine.
Current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are losing efficacy against emerging variants and may not protect against future novel coronavirus outbreaks, emphasizing the need for more broadly protective vaccines. To inform the development of a pan-coronavirus vaccine, we investigated the presence and specificity of cross-reactive antibodies against the spike (S) proteins of human coronaviruses (hCoV) after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. We found an 11- to 123-fold increase in antibodies binding to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV as well as a 2- to 4-fold difference in antibodies binding to seasonal hCoVs in COVID-19 convalescent sera compared to pre-pandemic healthy donors, with the S2 subdomain of the S protein being the main target for cross-reactivity. In addition, we detected cross-reactive antibodies to all hCoV S proteins after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in macaques and humans, with higher responses for hCoV more closely related to SARS-CoV-2. These findings support the feasibility of and provide guidance for development of a pan-coronavirus vaccine.
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