Journal
ATMOSPHERE
Volume 13, Issue 2, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/atmos13020319
Keywords
oxidative potential; dithiothreitol; atmospheric aerosols; chemical composition; particle size; specific lung deposited surface area; urban and rural sites; source estimation
Funding
- JSPS/MEXT KAKENHI [17H01864, 17H04480, 18K19856, 20H00636, 20K19959]
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University [19019, 20026]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [17H01864, 18K19856, 17H04480, 20K19959, 20H00636] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Dithiothreitol-measured oxidative potential (OPDTT) can chemically quantify the adverse health effects of atmospheric aerosols. This study investigated the effect of both physical and chemical properties on the variation in OPDTT of atmospheric aerosols. The major emission sources governing OPDTT variations were found to be anthropogenic combustion, the iron-steel industry, and secondary organic aerosols. Furthermore, the increased specific surface area did not lead to an increase in the OPDTT of atmospheric aerosols.
Dithiothreitol-measured oxidative potential (OPDTT) can chemically quantify the adverse health effects of atmospheric aerosols. Some chemical species are characterized with DTT activities, and the particle diameter and surface area control DTT oxidizability; however, the physical contribution to OPDTT by atmospheric aerosols is controversial. Therefore, we performed field observations and aerosol sampling at urban and rural sites in Japan to investigate the effect of both physical and chemical properties on the variation in OPDTT of atmospheric aerosols. The shifting degree of the representative diameter to the ultrafine range (i.e., the predominance degree of ultrafine particles) was retrieved from the ratio between the lung-deposited surface area and mass concentrations. The chemical components and OPDTT were also elucidated. We discerned strong positive correlations of K, Mn, Pb, NH4+, SO42-, and pyrolyzable organic carbon with OPDTT. Hence, anthropogenic combustion, the iron-steel industry, and secondary organic aerosols were the major emission sources governing OPDTT variations. The increased specific surface area did not lead to the increase in the OPDTT of atmospheric aerosols, despite the existing relevance of the surface area of water-insoluble particles to DTT oxidizability. Overall, the OPDTT of atmospheric aerosols can be estimated by the mass of chemical components related to OPDTT variation, owing to numerous factors controlling DTT oxidizability (e.g., strong contribution of water-soluble particles). Our findings can be used to estimate OPDTT via several physicochemical parameters without its direct measurement.
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