Journal
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
Volume 9, Issue 48, Pages 16133-16142Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c04806
Keywords
Spent lithium-ion batteries; Recovery; Environmentally benign; Reduction leaching; Critical metals; Al foil
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51768046]
- Key R&D Plan of Jiangxi Province [20192ACB70008]
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2019YFC1907900]
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A clean hydrometallurgical process is proposed for the recovery of critical metals and aluminum foil from waste LIB cathode materials, achieving high efficiency and environmental friendliness.
Traditional technologies for waste lithium-ion battery (LIB) recovery have the disadvantages of the use of corrosive acid and reductants, release of toxic gases, and a complex pretreatment procedure of aluminum foil exfoliation. In this study, a clean hydrometallurgical process is presented for the recovery of critical metals and aluminum foil from waste LIB cathode materials in a single step using an ethylene glycol (EG)-citric acid (CA) leaching system. The effects of reaction parameters, such as EG/CA molar ratio, temperature, time, and solid-liquid ratio on the leaching efficiencies of critical metals were carefully investigated. Here, 99.1% Li, 96.2% Co, 97.6% Ni, and 98.3% Mn were leached under optimized reaction conditions. Leaching kinetics show that the chemical reactions are the rate-controlling steps in the process. Characterization results confirm that the high leaching efficiency for critical metals is attributed to the condition of adding ethylene glycol as a reducing agent. Aluminum foil can be completely recycled because of the inhibiting effect of the newly generated citric ester in the EG-CA system. This process provides a novel alternative to conventional methods of recovery of metals from waste LIBs.
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