Journal
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
Volume 10, Issue 5, Pages 1871-1879Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c07560
Keywords
liquid metal batteries; sustainable energy storage; LiCl-KCl; Sb-Bi-Sn (Pb); low operating temperature; high energy density; low material cost
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Funding
- National Key R&D Program of China [2018YFB0905600]
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A new LiCl-KCl electrolyte and Sb-Bi-Sn (Pb) positive electrode is reported to lower the operating temperature and achieve high energy density of Li-based liquid metal batteries (LMBs).
Li-based liquid metal batteries (LMBs) have attracted widespread attention due to their potential applications in sustainable energy storage; however, the high operating temperature limits their practical applications. Herein, a new chemistry-LiCl-KCl electrolyte and Sb-Bi-Sn (Pb) positive electrode.is reported to lower the operating temperature of Li-based LMBs and achieve a high energy density. We have investigated the compatibility between low-melting-point LiCl-KCl molten salt and Li and found that the displacement reaction between LiCl-KCl and Li would decrease the KCl content. Addition of a small amount of K to Li can inhibit this displacement reaction and maintain the stability of the molten salt composition, thereby significantly improving the cycling stability of the batteries at a low operating temperature (400 degrees C). Specifically, the LiK vertical bar LiCl-KCl vertical bar Sb30Bi40Sn30 LMB exhibits a high energy density of about 241 W h kg(-1) and a low material cost of about 68.8 $ kW h(-1). Besides, the energy density of the LiK vertical bar LiCl-KCl vertical bar Sb30Bi40Pb30 LMB is about 194 W h kg(-1), which has a lower material cost of about 62.8 $ kW h(-1). We propose that this work can open new directions toward designing and developing innovative LMBs for sustainable energy storage.
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