4.7 Article

Transformation of Selected Fusarium Toxins and Their Masked Forms during Malting of Various Cultivars of Wheat

Journal

TOXINS
Volume 13, Issue 12, Pages -

Publisher

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/toxins13120866

Keywords

malting; wheat; modified mycotoxins; Fusarium toxins; biotransformation

Funding

  1. Polish National Science Centre [2016/21/D/NZ9/02597]

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The study found that the malting process of wheat grain promotes secondary growth of Fusarium and mycotoxin biosynthesis, leading to a significant increase in toxin levels in malt. During this process, the synthesis of ZEN sulfate occurs instead of the typical glycosylation.
This study investigated the impact of malting of six wheat cultivars inoculated with Fusarium culmorum on the dynamics of content changes of selected Fusarium toxins. The grains of all the tested cultivars showed a high content of deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), and their derivatives, whereas nivalenol (NIV) and its glucoside were found only in the Legenda cultivar. Our experiments confirmed that the malting process of wheat grain enables the secondary growth of Fusarium, and mycotoxin biosynthesis. The levels of toxins in malt were few-fold higher than those in grain; an especially high increase was noted in the case of ZEN and its sulfate as the optimal temperature and pH conditions for the biosynthesis of these toxins by the pathogen are similar to those used in the grain malting process. This is the first paper reporting that during the malting process, biosynthesis of ZEN sulfate occurs, instead of glycosylation, which is a typical modification of mycotoxins by plant detoxication enzymes.

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