Journal
REMOTE SENSING
Volume 13, Issue 21, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/rs13214339
Keywords
urban form; vertical structure; building height; change detection; building age; spatiotemporal pattern
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [41801178, 41771203]
- Shenzhen Environmental Monitoring Center [SZDL2020335165]
- Shenzhen Municipal Ecology and Environment Bureau [SZCG2018161498]
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Accurate quantification of vertical structure and its change of a city is essential for understanding urban evolution. A new approach for 3D reconstruction of urban history was successfully applied to analyze the urban structure and its changes in Shenzhen from 1986 to 2017. The study found a dramatic increase in building numbers, especially high-rise buildings, with old urban areas still having the highest building density but with emerging new centers clustered with high-rise buildings.
Accurate quantification of vertical structure (or 3D structure) and its change of a city is essential for understanding the evolution of urban form, and its social and ecological consequences. Previous studies have largely focused on the horizontal structure (or 2D structure), but few on 3D structure, especially for long time changes, due to the absence of such historical data. Here, we present a new approach for 3D reconstruction of urban history, which was applied to characterize the urban 3D structure and its change from 1986 to 2017 in Shenzhen, a megacity in southern China. This approach integrates the contemporary building height obtained from the increasingly available data of building footprint with building age estimated based on the long-term observations from time-series Landsat imagery. We found: (1) the overall accuracy for building change detection was 87.80%, and for the year of change was 77.40%, suggesting that the integrated approach provided an effective method to cooperate horizontal (i.e., building footprint), vertical (i.e., building height), and temporal information (i.e., building age) to generate the historical data for urban 3D reconstruction. (2) The number of buildings increased dramatically from 1986 to 2017, by eight times, with an increased proportion of high-rise buildings. (3) The old urban areas continued to have the highest density of buildings, with increased average height of buildings, but there were two emerging new centers clustered with high-rise buildings. The long-term urban 3D maps allowed characterizing the spatiotemporal patterns of the vertical dimension at the city level, which can enhance our understanding on urban morphology.
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