Journal
POLYMERS
Volume 13, Issue 19, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/polym13193350
Keywords
Ag/RGO nanocomposites; green preparation; anticancer performance; potential mechanism; oxidative stress
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Funding
- National Plan for Science, Technology, and Innovation (MAARIFAH), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia [13-NAN908-02]
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The study utilized orange peel extract to prepare Ag/RGO NCs with anticancer potential, reducing reliance on toxic chemicals through green synthesis, enhancing toxicity against cancer cells while maintaining compatibility with normal cells.
The efficacy of current cancer therapies is limited due to several factors, including drug resistance and non-specific toxic effects. Due to their tuneable properties, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and graphene derivative-based nanomaterials are now providing new hope to treat cancer with minimum side effects. Here, we report a simple, inexpensive, and eco-friendly protocol for the preparation of silver-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites (Ag/RGO NCs) using orange peel extract. This work was planned to curtail the use of toxic chemicals, and improve the anticancer performance and cytocompatibility of Ag/RGO NCs. Aqueous extract of orange peels is abundant in phytochemicals that act as reducing and stabilizing agents for the green synthesis of Ag NPs and Ag/RGO NCs from silver nitrate and graphene oxide (GO). Moreover, the flavonoid present in orange peel is a potent anticancer agent. Green-prepared Ag NPs and Ag/RGO NCs were characterized by UV-visible spectrophotometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The results of the anticancer study demonstrated that the killing potential of Ag/RGO NCs against human breast cancer (MCF7) and lung cancer (A549) cells was two-fold that of pure Ag NPs. Moreover, the cytocompatibility of Ag/RGO NCs in human normal breast epithelial (MCF10A) cells and normal lung fibroblasts (IMR90) was higher than that of pure Ag NPs. This mechanistic study indicated that Ag/RGO NCs induce toxicity in cancer cells through pro-oxidant reactive oxygen species generation and antioxidant glutathione depletion and provided a novel green synthesis of Ag/RGO NCs with highly effective anticancer performance and better cytocompatibility.
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