4.4 Article

Prevalence of Prodromal Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease in the Late Middle-Aged Population

Journal

JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE
Volume 12, Issue 3, Pages 967-974

Publisher

IOS PRESS
DOI: 10.3233/JPD-213007

Keywords

Parkinson's disease; prodromal symptoms; hyposmia; risk factors

Categories

Funding

  1. Netherlands Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport, Directorate of LongTerm Care
  2. Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) [480-10-014]
  3. Dutch Parkinson Foundation

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This study aimed to determine the prevalence of known non-motor symptoms associated with an increased risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) in a late middle-aged population, as well as their association with motor function. The results showed that approximately 11% of the late middle-aged population had two or more known PD risk factors, and these subjects had significantly worse motor function.
Background: The prodromal phase of Parkinson's disease (PD) can last up to 20 years and is characterized by a variety of non-motor symptoms. Objective: To determine the prevalence of a selection of non-motor symptoms known to be associated with an increased risk of developing PD in a late middle-aged population-based sample and to determine their association with motor function. Methods: At a mean age of 60.3 years, 775 subjects were recruited from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA). Hyposmia, cognitive impairment, patient-reported constipation, possible REM-sleep behavior disorder, depression, and anxiety were indexed as known PD risk factors. Additionally, 1) the PD screening questionnaire, 2) four physical performance tests, and 3) a functional limitations questionnaire, were used to determine whether the presence of two or more PD risk factors was associated with reduced motor function. Results: The prevalence of single risk factors ranged between 3 and 13%. Approximately 11% of subjects had two or more PD risk factors. Motor functioning of subjects with two or more PD risk factors was significantly worse than performance of subjects without or with a single risk factor (all p values <= 0.001). Conclusion: Approximately 11% of the late middle-aged population has two or more known PD risk factors. Among these subjects self-perceived PD symptoms and reduced physical performance are more prevalent, suggesting that at least some of these subjects may be in the prodromal phase of PD.

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