Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
Volume 85, Issue -, Pages 370-378Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.01.004
Keywords
Cellulose nanowhiskers; Microcrystalline cellulose; Polylactic acid; Tensile properties; Thermal analysis
Funding
- Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) [203.PTEKIND.6711500]
- [304/PTEKIND/ 6313194]
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In this work, polylactic acid (PLA) reinforced cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) were prepared through solution casting technique. The CNW was first isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch microcrystalline cellulose (OPEFB-MCC) by using 64% H2SO4 and was designated as CNW-S. The optical microscopy revealed that the large particle of OPEFB-MCC has been broken down by the hydrolysis treatment. The atomic force microscopy confirmed that the CNW-S obtained is in nanoscale dimension and appeared in individual rod-like character. The produced CNW-S was then incorporated with PLA at 1, 3, and 5 parts per hundred (phr) resins for the PLA-CNW-S nanocomposite production. The synthesized nanocomposites were then characterized by a mean of tensile properties and thermal stability. Interestingly to note that incorporating of 3 phr/CNW-S in PLA improved the tensile strength by 61%. Also, CNW-S loading showed a positive impact on the Young's modulus of PLA. The elongation at break (E-b) of nanocomposites, however, decreased with the addition of CNW-S. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the CNW-S dispersed well in PLA at lower filler loading before it started to agglomerate at higher CNW-S loading (5 phr). The DSC analysis of the nanocomposites obtained showed that T-g, T-cc and T-m values of PLA were improved with CNW-S loading. The TGA analysis however, revealed that incopreated CNW-S in PLA effect the thermal stability (T-10, T-50 and T-max) of nanocomposite, where it decrease linearly with CNW-S loading. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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