Many Changes in Speech through Aging Are Actually a Consequence of Cognitive Changes

Background: During aging, changes in human speech may arise because of the neurophysiological deterioration associated with age, or as the result of an impairment in the cognitive processes underlying speech production. Some speech parameters show specific alterations under the presence of dementia. The objective of our study is to identify which of these parameters change because of age, cognitive state, or the interaction of both. Methods: The sample includes 400 people over 55 years old, who were divided into four groups, according to their age. The cognitive state of the participants was assessed through the MMSE test and three ranks were stablished. Gender was also considered in the analysis. Results: Certain temporal, fluency, rhythm, amplitude and voice quality parameters were found to be related to the cognitive state, while disturbance parameters changed due to age. Frequency parameters were exclusively influenced by gender. Conclusions: Understanding how speech parameters are specifically affected by age, cognitive state, or the interaction of both, is determinant to advance in the use of speech as a clinical marker for the detection of cognitive impairments.

Automated summary

This study aimed to identify the effects of aging, cognitive state, and their interaction on speech parameters. The results showed that certain speech parameters were related to cognitive state, while disturbance parameters were influenced by age. Frequency parameters were primarily influenced by gender. Understanding these effects is crucial for using speech as a clinical marker for detecting cognitive impairments.