Journal
CHEMPLUSCHEM
Volume 86, Issue 10, Pages 1487-1496Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100393
Keywords
alkali ion batteries; energy storage; electrochemistry; electrode materials; in situ; operando techniques
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [5210021292, 52171211, 52072151, 51772131, 51772127] Funding Source: Medline
- Jinan Independent Innovative Team [2020GXRC015] Funding Source: Medline
- Taishan Scholars [ts201712050] Funding Source: Medline
- Natural Science Doctoral Foundation of Shandong Province [ZR2018BEM018] Funding Source: Medline
- Natural Science Doctoral Foundation of University of Jinan [XBS1830] Funding Source: Medline
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This review analyzes the advantages and limitations of in-situ/operando techniques in investigating the internal energy storage mechanisms of electrode materials, highlighting representative research results and the challenges they face.
The specific chemical and physical evolutions of electrode materials under operating conditions should be understood to optimize their electrochemical performances. The in-situ/operando techniques including Raman spectrum, transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption spectrum, and magnetization are powerful tools, which can provide the real-time surficial/interfacial changes of electrodes, the transformation of crystal lattice structures, the adjustment of electronic states and even the influence of magnetic properties under operating conditions. In this Review, the advantages and limitations of these in-situ/operando techniques in investigating the inner energy storage mechanisms of various type electrode materials are analyzed. The representative research results such as the ion dependent storage mechanism, step-alloying processes and space charge storage theory are highlighted. In addition, the challenges and opportunities of in-situ/operando characterizations are proposed as well.
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