Journal
CELL REPORTS
Volume 38, Issue 6, Pages -Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110359
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Funding
- Swiss National Science Foundation [BSCGIO_157841/1, 310030_192490, 310030_184816]
- Russian Government Program Recruitment of the Leading Scientists into the Russian Institutions of Higher Education [075-15-2021-600]
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [310030_192490] Funding Source: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF)
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The co-existence of Helicobacter pylori and Mycobacterium tuberculosis can affect each other's colonization and immune control in the human body, which should be taken into consideration in treatment decisions.
The two human pathogens Helicobacter pylori and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) co-exist in many geographical areas of the world. Here, using a co-infection model of H. pylori and the Mtb relative M. bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), we show that both bacteria affect the colonization and immune control of the respective other pathogen. Co-occurring M. bovis boosts gastric Th1 responses and H. pylori control and aggravates gastric immunopathology. H. pylori in the stomach compromises immune control of M. bovis in the liver and spleen. Prior antibiotic H. pylori eradication or M. bovis-specific immunization reverses the effects of H. pylori. Mechanistically, the mutual effects can be attributed to the redirection of regulatory T cells (Treg cells) to sites of M. bovis infection. Reversal of Treg cell redirection by CXCR3 blockade restores M. bovis control. In conclusion, the simultaneous presence of both pathogens exacerbates the problems associated with each individual infection alone and should possibly be factored into treatment decisions.
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