Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND BIOLOGY
Volume 18, Issue 4, Pages 677-682Publisher
FRIENDS SCIENCE PUBL
DOI: 10.17957/IJAB/15.0143
Keywords
Holy basil; Oreochromis niloticus; Streptococcus agalactiae; Dietary Supplement; Cytokine genes
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Funding
- University of Phayao [R020056208005]
- Center of Excellence on Agricultural Biotechnology, Science and Technology Postgraduate Education and Research Development Office, Office of Higher Education Commission, Ministry of Education (AG-BIO/PERDO-CHE)
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This study was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementing the diet of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with holy basil (Ocimum sanctum) extract at the concentrations of 0 (control), 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of feed for 30 days. The treated fish fed the holy basil extract at the 200 mg/kg level showed the significantly (P<0.05) greatest increases in specific growth rate and the greatest improvements in feed conversion ratio. The immune response, phagocytic activity and superoxide anion production were also stimulated the most on day 7 of the feed supplementation. In a streptococcal challenge experiment, the fish fed the holy basil extract at the 100 and 200 mg/kg levels showed 0% cumulative mortality, whereas the control group and the fish fed with extract at the 400 mg/kg level showed 100 and 40% mortality, respectively. The greatest stimulation of the immune response occurred in the fish fed the holy basil extract at the level of 200 mg/kg of diet. Thus, the analysis of the relative expression levels of three cytokine genes, which included interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), were compared between a control group and a fish group fed the holy basil extract at the 200 mg/kg level. The expression of all the genes was significantly (P<0.05) greater in the treated than in the control fish, especially on day 7 of the feed supplementation. These results indicated that the addition of holy basil extract to fish feed at the rate of 200 mg/kg of diet could enhance the growth, immune response and disease resistance against S. agalactiae of Nile tilapia during a 30-day supplementation period. (C) 2016 Friends Science Publishers
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