Journal
NUTRIENTS
Volume 13, Issue 11, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/nu13113751
Keywords
necrotizing enterocolitis; human milk; growth factors; Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF); Heparin-Binding EGF-like Growth Factor (HB-EGF); Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 (IGF-2); Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF); Erythropoetin (EPO); Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF); Holder pasteurization
Categories
Funding
- National Institute of Health [R01 DK116568]
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (Division of Neonatology)
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Human milk contains growth factors that play a crucial role in preventing necrotizing enterocolitis, especially in preterm infants. These growth factors have significant effects on intestinal growth, barrier function, microvascular development, and immunological maturation.
Growing evidence demonstrates human milk's protective effect against necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Human milk derives these properties from biologically active compounds that influence intestinal growth, barrier function, microvascular development, and immunological maturation. Among these protective compounds are growth factors that are secreted into milk with relatively high concentrations during the early postnatal period, when newborns are most susceptible to NEC. This paper reviews the current knowledge on human milk growth factors and their mechanisms of action relevant to NEC prevention. It will also discuss the stability of these growth factors with human milk pasteurization and their potential for use as supplements to infant formulas with the goal of preventing NEC.
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