Journal
NUTRIENTS
Volume 14, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/nu14030614
Keywords
psychobiotics; probiotics; prebiotics; children; adolescents; dietary interventions
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This article reviews psychobiotic interventions in children and adolescents, aiming to evaluate the effectiveness of pre- and probiotic supplements on stress, anxiety, and cognitive outcomes. The findings indicate limited consistent effects of psychobiotics in developing human populations, possibly due to trial heterogeneity.
This systematic review brings together human psychobiotic interventions in children and adolescents (aged 6-25 years) to evaluate the efficacy of pre- and probiotic supplements on stress, anxiety, and cognitive outcomes. Psychobiotic interventions in animal studies highlighted sensitivity to effects during development and maturation in multiple domains from emotion to cognitive processing. Several translational psychobiotic interventions in humans have been carried out to assess effects on emotion and cognition during childhood and into adulthood. The findings illustrate that there are limited consistent psychobiotic effects in developing human populations, and this is proposed to be due to heterogeneity in the trials conducted. Consequentially, it is recommended that three specific factors are considered in future psychobiotic trials: (1) Specificity of population studied (e.g., patients, developmental age), (2) specificity of intervention, and (3) homogeneity in outcome measures.
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