Journal
MATERIALS
Volume 14, Issue 24, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ma14247589
Keywords
manganese ion; char-forming agent; polypropylene; ammonium polyphosphate; fire safety
Categories
Funding
- Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province [KYCX21_2808]
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The combination of HP-Mn and APP significantly enhanced the flame retardancy of PP, reducing heat release rate, total heat release, and smoke production rate. SEM and Raman analysis indicated that Mn2+ catalyzed the formation of a continuous and compact carbon layer with high graphitization, improving the flame retardancy of PP/APP composites.
A piperazine phosphate doped with Mn2+ (HP-Mn), as a new char-forming agent for intumescent flame retardant systems (IFR), was designed and synthesized using 1-hydroxy ethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid, piperazine, and manganese acetate tetrahydrate as raw materials. The effect of HP-Mn and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) on the fire safety and thermal stability of polypropylene (PP) was investigated. The results showed that the combined incorporation of 25 wt.% APP/HP-Mn at a ratio of 1:1 endowed the flame retardant PP (PP6) composite with the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 30.7% and UL-94 V-0 rating. In comparison with the pure PP, the peak heat release rate (PHRR), the total heat release (THR), and the smoke production rate (PSPR) of the PP6 were reduced by 74%, 30%, and 70%, respectively. SEM and Raman analysis of the char residues demonstrated that the Mn2+ displayed a catalytic cross-linking charring ability to form a continuous and compact carbon layer with a high degree of graphitization, which can effectively improve the flame retardancy of PP/APP composites. A possible flame-retardant mechanism was proposed to reveal the synergistic effect between APP and HP-Mn.
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