Journal
FOOD & FUNCTION
Volume 13, Issue 1, Pages 437-450Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02974f
Keywords
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31372453]
- Science and Technology Department of Henan Province [152102310260]
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The study identified 29 flavonoids in Amomum tsao-ko and found that it exhibited strong antioxidant and antidiabetic activities in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with A. tsao-ko extract improved glucose tolerance, decreased blood glucose levels, and preserved pancreatic function in rats with induced type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Amomum tsao-ko Crevost et Lemarie (A. tsao-ko) is a well-known dietary spice and traditional Chinese medicine. This study aimed to identify the flavonoids in A. tsao-ko and evaluate their antioxidant and antidiabetic activities in in vitro and in vivo studies. A. tsao-ko methanol extracts possessed a high flavonoid content (1.21 mg QE per g DW) and a total of 29 flavonoids were identified by employing UPLC-MS/MS. In vitro, A. tsao-ko demonstrated antioxidant activity (ORAC value of 34276.57 mu M TE/100 g DW, IC50 of ABTS of 3.49 mg mL(-1) and FRAP value of 207.42 mu M Fe2+ per g DW) and alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory ability with IC50 values of 14.23 and 1.76 mg mL(-1), respectively. In vivo, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) models were induced by a combined high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) injection in rats. Treatment with the A. tsao-ko extract (100 mg freeze-dried powder per kg bw) for 6 weeks could significantly improve impaired glucose tolerance, decrease the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, and malondialdehyde (MDA), and increase the superoxide dismutase (SOD) level. Histopathology revealed that the A. tsao-ko extract preserved the architecture and function of the pancreas. In conclusion, the flavonoid composition of A. tsao-ko exhibits excellent antioxidant and antidiabetic activity in vitro and in vivo. A. tsao-ko could be a novel natural material and developed as a related functional food and medicine in T2DM management.
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