Journal
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
Volume 12, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26132-y
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Funding
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [KL930-13/2]
- EU-FP6-COST Action NANOCOHYBRI [CA16218]
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The researchers propose that the high-T-c cuprate superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x is a candidate for a classical space-time crystal and suggest a laser modulation experiment to realize the predicted behavior. Their findings provide new insights into the nature of space-time crystals.
A space-time crystal (STC) is a nonequilibrium phase of matter displaying long-range order in both space and time. Here, the authors propose that the high-T-c cuprate superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x is a candidate of a classical discrete STC, when a parametric modulation periodic in time and uniform in space is applied. We theoretically demonstrate that the high-critical-temperature (high-T-c) superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x (BSCCO) is a natural candidate for the recently envisioned classical space-time crystal. BSCCO intrinsically forms a stack of Josephson junctions. Under a periodic parametric modulation of the Josephson critical current density, the Josephson currents develop coupled space-time crystalline order, breaking the continuous translational symmetry in both space and time. The modulation frequency and amplitude span a (nonequilibrium) phase diagram for a so-defined spatiotemporal order parameter, which displays rigid pattern formation within a particular region of the phase diagram. Based on our calculations using representative material properties, we propose a laser-modulation experiment to realize the predicted space-time crystalline behavior. Our findings bring new insight into the nature of space-time crystals and, more generally, into nonequilibrium driven condensed matter systems.
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