Multiparametric Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Approach in Diagnosing, Monitoring, and Prognostication of Myocarditis

Myocarditis represents the entity of an inflamed myocardium and is a diagnostic challenge caused by its heterogeneous presentation. Contemporary noninvasive evaluation of patients with clinically suspected myocarditis using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) includes dimensions and function of the heart chambers, conventional T2-weighted imaging, late gadolinium enhancement, novel T1 and T2 mapping, and extracellular volume fraction calculation. CMR feature-tracking, texture analysis, and artificial intelligence emerge as potential modern techniques to further improve diagnosis and prognostication in this clinical setting. This review describes the evidence surrounding different CMR methods and image postprocessing methods and highlights their values for clinical decision making, monitoring, and risk stratification across stages of this condition. (C) 2022 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation.

Automated summary

Myocarditis, characterized by inflamed myocardium with heterogeneous presentation, poses a diagnostic challenge. Contemporary noninvasive evaluation techniques, such as cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), including various methods like CMR feature-tracking and artificial intelligence, can improve the diagnosis and prognosis of myocarditis, providing valuable information for clinical decision making, monitoring, and risk stratification.