Quantitative Threshold of Energy Fractal Dimension for Immediate Rock Burst Warning in Deep Tunnel: A Case Study

Rock bursts are a serious geological disaster occurring in deep underground engineering operations, which will cause casualties and economic loss. The quantitative threshold of energy fractal dimension for immediate rock burst warning in a deep tunnel was studied. The study was conducted based on the immediate rock burst cases in the deep tunnels of Jinping Hydropower Station, China. Firstly, a fractal dimension calculation method was proposed for deep linear tunnels associated with microseismic monitoring to explore the energy fractal dimension during the 37 immediate rock bursts and their development to events of different intensities (intense and moderate events). On this basis, a mechanism analysis was undertaken to assess the distribution range and evolution of the energy fractal dimension in the development of the immediate rock bursts. Then, the energy fractal dimension, as a quantitative threshold, was taken as a criterion for judging the rock burst risk Furthermore, the corresponding warning index and dynamic control method were established. This index and method were applied in the subsequent construction process. The results can be used as a guide to establish a dynamic warning system based on the microseismicity monitored and provide a scientific basis for the prediction, warning, and risk-control standard of rock burst disasters during excavation of deep tunnels.

Automated summary

This study investigates the quantitative threshold of energy fractal dimension for immediate rock burst warning in deep tunnels based on the cases of rock bursts in Jinping Hydropower Station in China. A calculation method for energy fractal dimension in deep linear tunnels associated with microseismic monitoring is proposed. The mechanism analysis assesses the distribution range and evolution of energy fractal dimension during the development of rock bursts. The results provide a guide for establishing a dynamic warning system and scientific basis for prediction, warning, and risk-control standards of rock burst disasters during the excavation of deep tunnels.