Insights into Cotton Dyeing Using Limoniastrum Monopetalum Leaves Aqueous Extract: Extraction and Dyeing Processes Optimization

A great deal of attention was addressed to the development of natural dyes that are safe, non-allergic, nontoxic, and environmentally friendly. In this investigation, Limoniastrum monopetalum leaves were studied as a source of ecological dye for cotton fabric dyeing. FT-IR spectroscopy indicated that the studied leaves were rich of hydroxyl and carbonyl groups suggesting the presence of phenolic and flavonoid structures. The extraction procedure was performed under different operating conditions; extraction time (5-90 min), temperature (30-120 degrees C), pH (2-11) and aqueous extract concentration (10-90 g/L). Response Surface Methodology (RSM), with the assistance of Minitab17.1.0, was used to estimate the interaction between experimental factors. The optimum conditions for the extraction procedure were; time = 15 min, temperature = 40 degrees C, pH = 9, and dye concentration = 80 g/L. Influences of the main dyeing conditions on the color strength (K/S) and the dye bath exhaustion [E (%)] were also discussed. The optimal values for dyeing were: pH of dyeing bath = 8.9, temperature = 100 degrees C and dyeing duration = 43 min. The fastness properties of colored cotton samples were found to be improved using alum, chitosan, and pomegranate peel as mordants.

Automated summary

The study focused on the development of natural dyes that are safe, non-allergic, nontoxic, and environmentally friendly. Limoniastrum monopetalum leaves were studied as a source of ecological dye for cotton fabric dyeing, with optimal extraction and dyeing conditions determined through Response Surface Methodology. The fastness properties of colored cotton samples were improved by using alum, chitosan, and pomegranate peel as mordants.