Journal
VIRUSES-BASEL
Volume 13, Issue 10, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/v13102037
Keywords
HIV; shock and kill; latency-reversing agents; PKC activator; 10-methyl-aplog-1
Categories
Funding
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) [20fk0410033]
- JSPS KAKENHI [17H06405]
- AMED
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [17H06405] Funding Source: KAKEN
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The study found that a novel PKC activator, 10MA-1, combined with the inhibitor JQ1 can strongly and synergistically reactivate latently infected HIV, with JQ1 effectively suppressing side effects induced by 10MA-1.
The presence of latent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reservoirs is a major obstacle to a cure. The shock and kill therapy is based on the concept that latent reservoirs in HIV carriers with antiretroviral therapy are reactivated by latency-reversing agents (LRAs), followed by elimination due to HIV-associated cell death or killing by virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Protein kinase C (PKC) activators are considered robust LRAs as they efficiently reactivate latently infected HIV. However, various adverse events hamper the intervention trial of PKC activators as LRAs. We found in this study that a novel PKC activator, 10-Methyl-aplog-1 (10MA-1), combined with an inhibitor of bromodomain and extra-terminal domain motifs, JQ1, strongly and synergistically reactivated latently infected HIV. Notably, higher concentrations of 10MA-1 alone induced the predominant side effect, i.e., global T cell activation as defined by CD25 expression and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in primary CD4+ T lymphocytes; however, JQ1 efficiently suppressed the 10MA-1-induced side effect in a dose-dependent manner. Considering the reasonable accessibility and availability of 10MA-1 since the chemical synthesis of 10MA-1 requires fewer processes than that of bryostatin 1 or prostratin, our results suggest that the combination of 10MA-1 with JQ1 may be a promising pair of LRAs for the clinical application of the shock and kill therapy.
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